In a large wok or cast iron skillet over medium heat, heat 1 tablespoon of the peanut oil. When shimmering, add the pork and break it up with a spoon, cooking until cooked through and beginning to get crispy.
In a large mixing bowl, whisk together 3/4 cup of the chicken stock, the peanut butter, soy sauce, brown sugar, garlic, and chiles. Set aside.
Use a slotted spoon to transfer the cooked pork to a bowl. Discard the fat from the pan. Add the last 1/4 cup of chicken broth to the pan and bring to a simmer over medium heat. Scrape up any browned bits, then pour it into the bowl with the pork.
Add 4 tablespoons peanut oil to the pan and heat over medium-high heat. Add the onion, cabbage, carrots, and broccoli florets and stalks. Cook, stirring frequently, for 4 minutes, until the cabbage is tender. Return the ground pork and broth to the pan. Use tongs to combine, and cook until heated through. Serve hot, topped with ground peanuts, with lime wedges on the side.